Thursday, 2 April 2026

Signal Without Semiosis: Value, Selection, and the Misreading of Meaning in Biology — 10 The Boundary Problem

If this series has done its work, then a peculiar situation now presents itself.

On the one hand:

  • value-based dynamics explain coordination

  • signalling language can be reduced to differential uptake

  • neural systems can be described without representation

On the other hand:

  • semiosis has not been eliminated

  • meaning has not been denied

  • and the possibility of genuine sign systems remains open

This produces a tension that cannot be avoided:

where, exactly, is the boundary?


The problem restated

We have argued that:

  • correlation is not representation

  • responsiveness is not interpretation

  • stability is not meaning

But these distinctions, once drawn, generate a new question:

what would count as enough to cross the threshold into semiosis?

It is not sufficient to say:

  • “when things get complex”

  • or “when behaviour looks communicative”

Complexity and appearance have already been shown to be unreliable guides.

The boundary must be drawn on structural grounds.


Continuity without equivalence

One temptation is to treat value and meaning as points along a continuum.

On this view:

  • simple systems exhibit value

  • more complex systems gradually acquire meaning

  • and semiosis emerges as a matter of degree

This is appealing, but it risks collapsing the distinction we have worked to establish.

Because:

a continuous transition in behaviour does not entail a continuous transition in kind.

A system may become increasingly complex while remaining non-semiotic.

More variation, more sensitivity, more coupling—none of these, by themselves, produce meaning.


The threshold problem

If semiosis is distinct, then there must be a threshold.

But this threshold is not marked by:

  • a particular behaviour

  • a specific trait

  • or a measurable level of complexity

It is marked by a change in organisation.

Specifically:

the emergence of a system of distinctions in which forms function relationally as signs.

This is not an incremental addition.

It is a reorganisation of the system’s structure.


What would have to change

For a value-based system to become semiotic, something fundamental must occur.

Not just:

  • more reliable correlations

  • more refined responses

  • or more stable patterns

But the introduction of:

  • structured alternatives

  • relational contrasts

  • and functional roles defined within that system of contrasts

In other words:

the system must come to operate over differences as differences.

Until then, differences are simply variations that elicit responses.

After that point, they are elements within a semiotic system.


The difficulty of detection

This creates a practical problem.

How would we know when this threshold has been crossed?

From the outside, both systems may look similar:

  • both exhibit patterned behaviour

  • both show sensitivity to variation

  • both produce coordinated outcomes

The difference lies not in the observable pattern alone, but in the organisation that generates it.

This makes semiosis difficult to identify empirically.

It cannot be inferred directly from:

  • correlation

  • predictability

  • or functional success


The risk of projection

In the absence of clear criteria, there is a tendency to project semiosis wherever systems appear sufficiently organised.

This is the move we have been tracking throughout the series:

  • from pattern to meaning

  • from coordination to communication

  • from value to semiosis

The boundary problem shows why this projection is so persistent.

Without a clear structural test, appearance fills the gap.


The possibility of rarity

One consequence of this analysis is that semiosis may be rarer than commonly assumed.

If the threshold requires:

  • a system of organised distinctions

  • functioning relationally as signs

then many biological systems may never cross it.

They remain:

  • highly structured

  • highly adaptive

  • and highly coordinated

but non-semiotic.

This is not a deficiency.

It is a clarification.


A candidate case

There is, however, one domain where the criteria appear to be satisfied.

Human language.

Here we find:

  • structured systems of contrasts

  • combinatorial organisation

  • and forms whose function depends on their relation to other forms

This is not merely:

  • differential responsiveness

  • or stabilised correlation

It is a fully developed semiotic system.

The contrast with other biological systems is instructive.


Not a conclusion, but a constraint

The boundary problem does not resolve the question of where semiosis begins.

It constrains how the question can be answered.

It tells us:

  • what is not sufficient

  • what must be demonstrated

  • and what kind of structure we are looking for

It shifts the discussion from:

“does this look like communication?”

to:

“does this system instantiate semiotic organisation?”


Holding the boundary

At this point, the temptation is either to:

  • collapse the distinction (everything is meaning)
    or

  • enforce it too rigidly (nothing but human language counts)

Both moves are premature.

The task is to hold the boundary open:

  • clearly drawn

  • but not overextended

To recognise that:

  • value and meaning are distinct

  • their coupling is non-trivial

  • and their intersection, if it occurs, must be carefully specified


Closing the series

What began as a question about biological signals has led to a more general reorientation.

We have seen that:

  • coordination does not require communication

  • selection does not require representation

  • and value does not require meaning

At the same time:

  • semiosis, where it exists, introduces a different kind of organisation

  • one that cannot be reduced to value-based dynamics

The boundary between these domains is not given in advance.

It must be established case by case, on structural grounds.


Final question

We end, then, not with a conclusion, but with a constraint:

When we encounter a system that appears to communicate, what would we need to show for that appearance to count as semiosis?

Until that question is answered, it is safer—and more precise—to assume:

signal without semiosis,
value without meaning.

And to treat meaning, when it does appear, as something that must be demonstrated, not presumed.

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