Mathematics, dualism, and the shared inclination of modern science
These two series have traced different genealogies, but they converge on the same structural habit.
Mathematical metaphysics and substance dualism are not independent errors. They are twin strategies of closure—distinct cuts that stabilised inquiry at moments when stability was urgently needed.
Both were extraordinarily successful. Both were quietly mistaken for ontology.
1. Why the Closures Worked
Mathematics offered science something unprecedented: formal necessity. Within a closed symbolic system, relations hold without exception. This produced a powerful illusion:
if the equations must be true, perhaps the world must be that way too.
Dualism offered a complementary stabilisation. By separating observer from observed, mind from world, it made measurement, prediction, and control tractable. Responsibility was allocated cleanly:
the world became calculable,
the subject became residual.
Together, these moves did something decisive:
mathematics closed form,
dualism closed relation.
What remained was a world that could be modelled without accounting for the conditions of its modelling.
2. When Method Hardened into Metaphysics
The problem did not arise because these strategies were wrong. It arose because they were too effective.
At that point:
infinities and singularities appeared as features of nature rather than signs of misapplied form,
consciousness, meaning, and normativity appeared as anomalies rather than consequences of exile,
explanation became synonymous with derivation and detachment.
Science did not become confused.
It became over-confident in its own cuts.
3. The Shared Pathology
Across physics, cognition, AI, economics, and governance, the same pattern repeats:
closed models generate clarity,
clarity masquerades as necessity,
relation is treated as noise or contamination,
and paradox appears at the boundary.
These paradoxes are not signals that reality is irrational.
They are signals that closure has outrun accountability.
4. What Relational Ontology Changes
Relational ontology does not reject mathematics or objectivity. It re-situates them.
Mathematics becomes a practice of disciplined construal, not a mirror of being.
Objectivity becomes accountable orientation, not horizon-erasure.
Laws become stabilised regularities, not metaphysical commandments.
Substances become durable perspectives, not ontological atoms.
The decisive move is simple but radical:
The cut is theorised, not forgotten.
5. What Comes Next
The future of modelling—physical, biological, cognitive, social—depends on treating inclination, closure, and relation as first-class conceptual features rather than background assumptions.
That is not a new science.
It is science remembering what made it possible.
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