Tuesday, 7 April 2026

Toward a Theory of the Semiotic — 4 Why Structure Is Not Combination

A familiar move now presents itself.

If:

  • meaning is selection among alternatives,

then perhaps:

  • complex meaning arises by combining selections.

This seems obvious.

It is also insufficient.


1. The temptation of combination

The standard account proceeds as follows:

  • select elements from different sets,
  • combine them into sequences or structures,
  • and derive meaning from their arrangement.

This gives us:

  • strings,
  • constructions,
  • compositional structures.

But this assumes:

that selections can be treated as independent units.


2. Why selections are not units

A selection is not:

  • a thing,
  • not an element,
  • not an object that can be combined.

It is:

a position within a system of alternatives.

As such:

  • its identity is relational,
  • its value depends on its paradigm,
  • and it cannot be detached from that organisation.

To treat it as a unit is to:

collapse system into inventory.


3. The failure of aggregation

If selections are treated as units, then:

  • combination becomes aggregation,
  • structure becomes arrangement,
  • and meaning becomes the sum of parts.

But this fails immediately.

Because:

meaning is not additive.

The relation between selections:

  • cannot be reduced to adjacency,
  • nor to accumulation.

4. The necessity of relational structure

What is required is not combination, but:

relation across selections.

That is:

  • selections must be organised such that:
    • they function together,
    • they constrain one another,
    • and they co-constitute a single construal.

This is not:

  • putting things together,

but:

structuring a configuration.


5. Syntagmatic organisation

This introduces a second dimension:

syntagmatic organisation.

Not as:

  • sequences of elements,

but as:

relations among selections across paradigms.

In this dimension:

  • selections are interdependent,
  • their values are modified by their co-occurrence,
  • and meaning emerges from their configuration.

6. The interdependence of dimensions

We now have:

  • paradigmatic relations (choice within sets),
  • syntagmatic relations (structure across selections).

These are not:

  • separate components,
  • nor independent layers.

They are:

mutually defining dimensions of the same system.


7. Why structure cannot be reduced to order

It is tempting to equate:

  • syntagmatic organisation with sequence or order.

But order is only:

  • one possible manifestation.

The deeper requirement is:

relational constraint across selections.

This may be realised as:

  • sequence,
  • hierarchy,
  • dependency,

but none of these defines it.


8. Construal as configuration

We can now refine construal further.

Construal is not:

  • a single selection,
  • nor a set of selections,

but:

a configuration of interrelated selections across paradigms.

This configuration:

  • is structured,
  • internally constrained,
  • and systemically defined.

9. The emergence of structure

Structure, then, is not:

  • imposed on elements,
  • nor derived from combination.

It is:

the organisation of relations among selections.

This organisation:

  • defines what combinations are possible,
  • constrains how selections interact,
  • and enables complex meaning.

10. Why this cannot be grounded in value

As before, we cannot explain this by:

  • functional needs,
  • communicative purposes,
  • or behavioural coordination.

Because these:

  • operate outside the semiotic,
  • and presuppose meaning rather than explain it.

Structure must be:

intrinsic to the system of choice.


11. The emerging architecture

We can now state the architecture more fully.

A semiotic system consists of:

  • paradigmatic organisation (alternatives as choice),
  • syntagmatic organisation (relations across selections),

together forming:

a structured potential for configuring meaning.


12. What this enables

With both dimensions in place:

  • meaning can be:
    • differentiated (through choice),
    • and constructed (through configuration),

This allows:

  • complexity,
  • variation,
  • and generativity.

Without either dimension:

  • the system collapses.

13. What remains

But one final problem remains.

We now have:

  • choices organised into paradigms,
  • selections configured through relations,

yet we have not specified:

what these configurations are configurations of.

What is being:

  • distinguished,
  • related,
  • and construed?

We cannot answer:

  • “the world,”
  • “experience,”
  • or “reality,”

without reintroducing external grounding.

So the question sharpens:

what is the domain of construal, if it cannot be presupposed?

Until this is answered, the semiotic remains formally specified—

but not yet anchored in its own terms.

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