Thursday, 9 April 2026

Meaning Without Construal: AI Under Constraint — 3 Use Is Not Meaning: Why Behaviour Does Not Construe

A common response to the limitations of structural accounts is to relocate meaning into use.

On this view:

  • meaning is not an internal property,
  • nor a feature of structure alone,

but:

something that arises in practice—through use, behaviour, and interaction.

Applied to LLMs, the claim becomes:

  • the model uses language appropriately,
  • participates in discourse,
  • and produces context-sensitive responses.

Therefore:

its outputs are meaningful because they function meaningfully.

This position avoids:

  • naive attribution of inner states,
  • and reductive appeals to structure alone.

It grounds meaning in:

observable activity.


1. The Strength of the Appeal

The appeal to use captures something real.

LLMs do:

  • respond appropriately to prompts,
  • adapt to context,
  • maintain coherence across turns,
  • and fulfil communicative roles.

From the outside, this looks indistinguishable—at least locally—from meaningful participation.

Meaning, in human contexts, is inseparable from:

  • how language is used,
  • how it functions in interaction,
  • and how it coordinates activity.

So the move is natural:

if it behaves meaningfully, it is meaningful.


2. The Hidden Assumption

This move depends on an implicit equivalence:

use = meaning.

Or more precisely:

appropriate behaviour is sufficient for meaning.

But this equivalence is not established.

It is assumed.


3. Behaviour Without “As”

Use consists of:

  • producing outputs in response to inputs,
  • adjusting behaviour based on context,
  • and aligning with expectations.

This is:

  • observable,
  • describable,
  • and functionally effective.

But none of this, by itself, requires:

that anything is taken as anything.

Behaviour can be:

  • appropriate,
  • effective,
  • and well-coordinated,

without involving:

  • construal.

4. The Distinction Reasserted

The distinction must be held:

  • value:
    what works, what is effective, what matters in action
  • meaning:
    what is construed as something within a semiotic organisation

Use belongs to the first.

It describes:

  • success,
  • coordination,
  • and functional alignment.

It does not, by itself, establish:

semiotic organisation.


5. Why Function Is Not Meaning

The fact that an utterance:

  • produces an appropriate response,
  • fits the context,
  • or achieves a goal,

does not entail:

  • that it is meaningful in itself.

It entails:

that it functions within a system of activity.

Function can be described entirely in terms of:

  • inputs and outputs,
  • conditions and effects,
  • coordination and outcome.

Meaning cannot.


6. The Illusion of Participation

Because LLMs participate in discourse, it is tempting to treat them as:

  • participants in meaning-making.

But participation here is:

  • behavioural,
  • not semiotic.

The system produces outputs that:

  • fit into human practices,
  • and are taken up by human interpreters.

This creates the appearance of:

shared meaning.

But the sharing occurs:

  • on the side of the interpreters,
  • not within the model.

7. Use as Condition, Not Ground

Use is indispensable.

Without use:

  • meaning does not manifest,
  • language does not function,
  • communication does not occur.

But use is a condition for meaning, not its ground.

It provides:

  • the context in which meaning is realised,

not:

the mechanism by which meaning is constituted.


8. Reframing LLM Behaviour

Under constraint, we can state:

LLMs produce behaviour that is functionally aligned with human language use.

This explains:

  • their effectiveness,
  • their adaptability,
  • and their integration into communicative practices.

But it does not entail:

  • that they construe anything as anything.

9. Where Meaning Actually Occurs

Meaning arises when:

  • outputs are taken up within a semiotic organisation,
  • and construed as meaningful by participants.

The model contributes:

  • structured output,
  • functionally appropriate behaviour.

But the construal:

is not located in the behaviour itself.


Closing Formulation

Behaviour does not construe.

Use describes what works—
how outputs function within a system of activity.

But meaning requires that something is taken as something.

No degree of appropriate use,
no matter how refined,
produces construal on its own.


This removes the second fallback:

  • meaning is not secured by use alone.

At this point, two collapses have been blocked:

  • structure ≠ meaning
  • use ≠ meaning

What remains is the most persistent assumption:

that meaning must be somewhere inside the system.


Next Post

“No Interpreter Inside: Why Internal States Do Not Construe”

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