Wednesday, 11 February 2026

General Relativity as Relational Potential and Instance

General relativity is usually presented in terms of a “curved spacetime,” where mass-energy bends the background and objects follow geodesics. From a relational perspective, this picture is misleading. A geodesic is not evidence of a bent container; it is an instance of a relationally constrained pathway. The true content of GR can be expressed entirely in terms of relational potential and actualised events.


1. Mass-Energy Defines Potential

Instead of asking how spacetime bends, we ask: what relational constraints does mass-energy impose?

  • Mass-energy defines the system of potential pathways for objects and light.

  • These potentials specify which sequences of events are possible under the system’s relational constraints.

  • Nothing is bending; no container exists. The “geometry” is simply the structure of potential relations.

Formally, this is analogous to the wavefunction in quantum mechanics: the system encodes all that could occur, without presupposing a physical medium.


2. Geodesics as Actualised Pathways

A geodesic is an instance:

  • It is an actualised sequence of events that satisfies the relational constraints defined by mass-energy.

  • Each object, photon, or particle traces one pathway through the system of potentials.

  • “Curvature” is a shorthand description of how these pathways are patterned relative to one another, not a property of anything underlying the events.

The geodesic emerges from the system, not in it. Its shape is a readout of relational constraints, not the bending of space.


3. Sub-Potentials and Local Constraints

Within this system of potential pathways, local configurations impose sub-potentials:

  • A planet’s mass, for example, locally constrains nearby pathways.

  • Light near the planet has a restricted set of possible trajectories.

  • These sub-potentials explain why events cluster along particular geodesics without requiring additional “curvature” of a background.

The sub-potentials are relational structures: they shape events, but they are not separate entities.


4. Perspective: Potential vs. Instance

We can now see the perspectival structure:

  • From the potential pole, the system of mass-energy specifies which pathways are possible.

  • From the instance pole, each object’s trajectory is an actualised sequence of events within those constraints.

  • There is no process in which potential becomes actual; actualisation is simply the selection of a pathway within the relational system.

This mirrors the wavefunction vs. two-slit events distinction: potential constrains, instance manifests, but neither is a substance.


5. Horizon: Emergent Novelty

Even within GR, relational potential is dynamic:

  • The horizon is the edge of what could occur next, given the history of actualised events.

  • Each new event slightly reshapes the relational constraints on subsequent instances.

  • This captures the emergence of novelty — bending light near a massive object, orbital precession — without invoking hidden curvature or physical deformation.


6. Historical Evolution

Relational potential evolves historically:

  • Prior events shape what future events are possible.

  • Orbital dynamics, gravitational lensing, and the structure of planetary systems emerge as accumulated relational constraints.

  • The “geometry” we infer is a stable pattern across actualised instances, not a property of space itself.


7. Rejecting Container Metaphors

Throughout:

  • There is no spacetime substance that curves.

  • Geodesics are not “rivers flowing through curved space.”

  • Curvature is not a force, nor is it a medium.

What remains is pattern, potential, and actualisation. GR is entirely about how mass-energy structures relational possibilities and how instances emerge within that system.


8. The Relational Summary

In fully relational terms:

  • Potential: the system of pathways constrained by mass-energy.

  • Instance: a realised trajectory through that system.

  • Sub-potential: local constraints that shape clusters of instances.

  • Horizon: the evolving edge of possibility as instances accumulate.

Curvature, geodesics, and gravitational effects are descriptions of relational structure, not of “space” itself.

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