Wednesday, 4 February 2026

Why "Interpretations" of Quantum Mechanics Never Converge: 1 The Landscape of Quantum Interpretations

Quantum mechanics is notorious for the diversity of interpretations that accompany its formalism. These interpretations — Copenhagen, Many-Worlds, de Broglie-Bohm, Objective Collapse, QBism, and others — coexist despite sharing the same predictive and mathematical structure.

The landscape is remarkable not for the novelty of individual interpretations, but for the sheer persistence and proliferation of alternative accounts. Over nearly a century, interpretations have multiplied rather than converged. Each claims conceptual or philosophical superiority, yet none can definitively supplant the others within the existing empirical framework.

This multiplicity is not accidental or merely rhetorical. It reflects a structural feature of quantum mechanics: the formalism is under-determined relative to phenomena, allowing distinct partitions and narrative constructions. The interpretations provide internally coherent ways to organise the same underlying mathematics, each privileging certain conceptual emphases.

Understanding the landscape is the first step toward diagnosing the phenomenon. The proliferation itself is the signal: the focus is not which interpretation is “correct,” but why structural dynamics make convergence improbable. Recognising the multiplicity as a stable structural pattern allows us to analyse interpretations relationally — as reparcellations of a shared formal object — without invoking any new physical postulate or solution.

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