Thesis: Multiverse proposals often function as secularised pantheons, treating countless universes as independent “divine” realms, echoing theological multiplicity rather than relational cosmology.
Observation: Cosmologists invoke multiple universes to account for fine-tuning, inflationary scenarios, or quantum branching. These universes are often imagined as real, causally disconnected, and ontologically autonomous. Popular explanations frequently anthropomorphise them metaphorically, describing each as a “world” with its own “laws” or “constants.”
Analysis: Conceptually, the multiverse mirrors theological thinking: each universe is a quasi-divine domain, a fully-formed reality, and observers within them are analogous to worshippers. Relational processes that could explain variation and contingency are obscured; independence and totality are assumed. The multiverse becomes a secular pantheon, projecting multiplicity as ontology rather than as a modelling strategy.
Implication: Treating the multiverse as ontologically real reinforces theological residues: transcendence, omnipotence, and purpose are reassigned to abstract worlds. Relational emergence is masked, and actuality in our universe is interpreted through metaphors of external plenitude rather than interdependent processes.
Conclusion: A relational reading treats multiverse constructs as conceptual tools, not divine realms. Recognising the theological residue in multiverse thinking allows physics to reclaim the focus on actualisation within relational processes, rather than projecting multiplicity as metaphysical authority.
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